Core City & Suburban Work Trip Times:
Western Europe (EU-15)

Nation Metropolitan Area Central
City		 Suburbs (Estimated) Metropolitan Area
Netherlands Amsterdam 38 33 36
Belgium Antwerp 31 33 32
Spain Barcelona 27 23 24
Germany Berlin 31 27 30
United Kingdom Birmingham 33 24 28
Germany Bielfeld 21 18 19
Germany Bonn 23 25 24
Italy Bologna 22 17 19
Italy Bari 23 17 18
United Kingdom Bristol 29 24 26
Germany Bremen 24 22 23
Belgium Brussels 33 38 35
Italy Cagliari 21 20 20
Italy Caserta 32 20 21
Italy Catania 24 20 21
United Kingdom Cardiff 26 21 23
Denmark Copehhagen 28 22 24
Ireland Dublin 29 33 32
United Kingdom Edinburgh 30 25 28
Italy Florence 23 17 19
Germany Frankfurt 24 25 25
United Kingdom Glasgow 31 24 26
Italy Genoa 27 20 25
Sweden Goteborg 23 18 21
Netherlands The Hagen 34 27 30
Germany Hannover 22 26 24
Germany Hamburg 27 27 27
Germany Cologne 25 25 25
United Kingdom Leeds-Bradford 27 21 24
United Kingdom Leicester 25 19 21
Portugal Lisbon 41 28 31
United Kingdom London 43 27 37
Spain La Palma 24 22 23
Germany Liepzig 28 24 26
United Kingdom Liverpool 29 22 24
Spain Madrid 32 34 33
Spain Malaga 23 16 19
United Kingdom Mancester 34 24 26
Italy Milan 32 22 25
Germany Munich 25 27 26
Spain Murcia 19 16 17
Italy Naples 33 23 26
Germany Nuremburg 22 24 23
United Kingdom Newcastle 28 24 25
Spain Oviedo 20 20 20
Spain Palma (Majorca) 19 14 16
Italy Palermo 22 20 21
Portugal Porto 36 24 27
Germany Rhine-Ruhr (Essen-Dusseldorf) 24 24 24
Netherlands Rotterdam 33 28 30
Italy Rome 35 29 33
Spain Santiago 19 19 19
Spain Seville 23 20 21
United Kingdom Sheffield 26 21 23
Sweden Stockholm 30 25 27
Italy Turin 25 20 22
Netherlands Utrecht 38 32 33
Spain Valencia 22 17 19
Italy Venice 29 18 22
Italy Verona 18 14 15
Spain Zaragoza 23 16 21
Average   28 23 25
         
Notes        
In Minutes
Central city and metropolitan data from Urban Audit (http://www.urbanaudit.org/)
Suburban data estimated from population share      
61 metropolitan areas in Urban Audit database over 750,000 population (2001)

Methodology: The Urban Audit provides commute time estimates for central cities and metropolitan areas (Larger Urban Zones). As noted above, the The suburban estimate has been developed using a population ratio using Urban Audit data. The precise value would require employment data, which the Urban Audit does not provide.

As with any estimates, there may be some variance from the actual data. For example, if central city labor participation rates are higher proportionally in the central cities than in the suburbs, then the suburban estimates would be high, meaning that travel times are even lower in the suburbs. If central city labor participation rates are lower proportionately, then the reverse would be true.

Nonetheless, the fact that metropolitan area commute times tend to be less than central city commute times means than suburban commute times are even less.

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strategies to achieve public purposes at a cost that is no higher than necessary.
(c) 1994-2006 www.publicpurpose.com --- Wendell Cox Consultancy (Demographia) --- Permission granted to use with attribution.